Investors often compare ETF TER to the second decimal place while ignoring larger platform charges.

OUR METHODSources → assumptions → European context → verdict
01

The hidden lines

FX conversion, spreads, custody, inactivity, transfers, withdrawals and product mark-ups can exceed fund fees.

02

Calculate one annual number

Estimate the total cost of your actual behaviour: number of trades, currencies, average balance and transfers.

03

Value still matters

The cheapest broker is not best if it lacks suitable products, tax documents, transfer support or a custody structure you understand.

Educational illustration only—not personal financial, tax or investment advice. Tax, salary, broker and market figures change; verify current local information before acting.